Avanzando hacia una agricultura climáticamente inteligente: el papel del carbono orgánico en las funciones del suelo, los servicios ecosistémicos y la sostenibilidad de agroecosistemas

Carlos Alcides Villalba Algarin

doi:10.18004/investig.agrar.2025.2701825

Autores

Carlos Alcides Villalba Algarin Instituto Paraguayo de Tecnología Agraria, Centro de Investigación Capitán Miranda, Departamento de Suelos. Capitán Miranda, Itapúa, Paraguay. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5498-1594

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18004/investig.agrar.2025.2701825

Resumo

Los desafíos actuales, como el cambio climático y la creciente presión sobre la producción de alimentos primarios, exigen la transición hacia modelos agrícolas más resilientes y ambientalmente responsables. En este contexto, preservar el carbono orgánico del suelo (COS) se consolida como una estrategia clave para potenciar las funciones edáficas, sustentar servicios ecosistémicos esenciales y fortalecer la resiliencia de los agroecosistemas. Este artículo de revisión tiene como objetivo analizar y sintetizar el papel del COS en las funciones del suelo, su contribución a la provisión de servicios ecosistémicos, su importancia para el cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, e identificar las estrategias de manejo más promisoras para su aumento y estabilización en el suelo. La investigación se fundamentó en una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva con enfoque descriptivo, basada en 43 artículos de revisión publicados entre 2019 y 2024 en la base de datos Scopus. Los resultados evidencian que el mantenimiento y la valorización del COS son determinantes para preservar la integridad funcional del suelo, respaldar servicios ecosistémicos clave, proteger la seguridad alimentaria y mitigar los efectos del cambio climático. En conjunto, los hallazgos destacan la necesidad de promover estrategias de manejo orientadas a la regeneración del COS como eje central en la construcción de agroecosistemas más resilientes y en el avance hacia una agricultura climáticamente inteligente.

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