Avanzando hacia una agricultura climáticamente inteligente: el papel del carbono orgánico en las funciones del suelo, los servicios ecosistémicos y la sostenibilidad de agroecosistemas

Carlos Alcides Villalba Algarin

doi:10.18004/investig.agrar.2025.2701825

Authors

Carlos Alcides Villalba Algarin Instituto Paraguayo de Tecnología Agraria, Centro de Investigación Capitán Miranda, Departamento de Suelos. Capitán Miranda, Itapúa, Paraguay. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5498-1594

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18004/investig.agrar.2025.2701825

Abstract

Current challenges, such as climate change and increasing pressure on primary food production, demand a transition toward more resilient and environmentally responsible agricultural models. In this context, preserving soil organic carbon (SOC) emerges as a key strategy to enhance soil functions, sustain essential ecosystem services, and strengthen agroecosystem resilience. This review article aims to analyze and synthesize the role of SOC in soil functions, its contribution to ecosystem service provision, its importance for achieving Sustainable Development Goals, and to identify the most promising management strategies for its increase and stabilization in soil. The research was based on an exhaustive bibliographic review with a descriptive approach, drawing from 43 review articles published between 2019 and 2024 in the Scopus database. The results demonstrate that SOC maintenance and enhancement are determinant factors for preserving soil functional integrity, supporting key ecosystem services, protecting food security, and mitigating climate change effects. Collectively, the findings highlight the need to promote management strategies oriented toward SOC regeneration as a central axis in building more resilient agroecosystems and advancing toward climate-smart agriculture.

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