Diseño de un instrumento económico para la gestión de fauna silvestre: el caso del Valor al Estado Natural de los recursos de fauna silvestre

Alfredo Apaza Ticona; Edgar Alexs  Arana Olivos

doi:10.18004/investig.agrar.2022.junio.2401699

Autores

Alfredo Apaza Ticona Servicio Nacional Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre. Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2357-3472
Edgar Alexs Arana Olivos Servicio Nacional Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre. Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1248-5194

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18004/investig.agrar.2022.junio.2401699

Palavras-chave:

modelos bio-económicos, valor da natureza, direito de utilização, modelos bio-económicos, valor da natureza, direito de utilização

Resumo

A exploração da vida selvagem em várias partes da América Latina é uma actividade económica de grande importância para os habitantes das zonas rurais e a sua subsistência, fornecendo alimentos às suas famílias e, noutros casos, rendimentos provenientes da comercialização da vida selvagem. Da mesma forma, esta actividade insuficientemente desenvolvida levou frequentemente também à depredação ou perda de muitas espécies, gerando efeitos negativos no ecossistema e no bem-estar da própria população (E. J. Milner-Gulland, 2008 e Salo et al., 2014). No caso do Peru, de acordo com a Lei n.º 29763, Lei de Florestas e Vida Selvagem e seus Regulamentos publicados em 2015, o objectivo da Lei é regular e promover a gestão sustentável da vida selvagem, o que está relacionado com os compromissos internacionais assumidos pelo nosso país, tais como a Convenção sobre Diversidade Biológica, a Declaração da Cimeira da Terra (Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre Ambiente e Desenvolvimento em 1992), entre outros. No que diz respeito à utilização sustentável dos recursos naturais renováveis, propõe-se que seja possível tirar partido destes recursos desde que as taxas de utilização não excedam as possibilidades de manutenção da população (Daly, 1991; Lande et al. 1997; Weinbaum et al. 2013). Consequentemente, é importante desenvolver mecanismos reguladores para a utilização sustentável da vida selvagem a fim de evitar a sobreexploração (Sutherland 2001; Aanes et al., 2002). Por conseguinte, o documento apresenta uma proposta metodológica destinada a facilitar a gestão da vida selvagem no território nacional sob diferentes critérios técnicos, combinando variáveis de mercado, preços e algumas variáveis biológicas.

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