Residuos de la industria azucarera transformados en fertilizante orgánico: efecto de diferentes dosis en el crecimiento y rendimiento de la zanahoria (Daucus carota L.)

Maria Magdalena Busto Saldivar; Jazmín Duarte Caballero; Marcos Fabian Sanabria Franco; Francisco  Vallejos Mernes; Carlos Alcides Villalba Algarin

doi:10.18004/investig.agrar.2025.e2702839

Authors

Maria Magdalena Busto Saldivar Instituto Paraguayo de Tecnología Agraria, Centro de Investigación Hernando Bertoni, Departamento de Suelos. Caacupé, Paraguay. Universidad Católica Nuestra Señora de la Asunción, Unidad Pedagógica Caacupé. Caacupé, Paraguay. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1501-9708
Jazmín Duarte Caballero Universidad Católica Nuestra Señora de la Asunción, Unidad Pedagógica Caacupé. Caacupé, Paraguay. https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8813-7629
Marcos Fabian Sanabria Franco Universidade São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz. Piracicaba, Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7820-9037
Francisco Vallejos Mernes Instituto Paraguayo de Tecnología Agraria, Centro de Investigación Hernando Bertoni, Departamento de Suelos. Caacupé, Paraguay. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8291-1777
Carlos Alcides Villalba Algarin Universidade São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz. Piracicaba, Brasil. Instituto Paraguayo de Tecnología Agraria, Centro de Investigación Capitán Miranda, Departamento de Suelos. Capitán Miranda, Paraguay. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8291-1777

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18004/investig.agrar.2025.e2702839

Keywords:

organic amendments, circular economy, sustainable horticulture, plant nutrition

Abstract

Carrot is a food source rich in bioactive compounds essential for human nutrition. Being a short-cycle crop, it has high nutritional demands that are commonly satisfied through intensive use of chemical fertilizers, which increase production costs and deteriorate soil health. As a sustainable alternative, the valorization of organic waste for fertilizer production emerges. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different doses of composted organic fertilizer, derived from sugar byproducts, on carrot crop growth and yield. The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Paraguayan Institute of Agricultural Technology (IPTA) in Caacupé, Paraguay, using the Shin Kuroda variety under a randomized complete block design with three replications per treatment. Treatments consisted of four increasing doses of organic fertilizer (2, 4, 6, and 8 t ha⁻¹) and a control treatment without fertilization. Plant height, root length and diameter, root weight, and total yield were evaluated. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (p < 0.05). Results showed that plant height, root weight, and yield were not significantly influenced by the applied organic fertilizer doses. However, significant differences were observed in root diameter and length. It is concluded that the evaluated organic fertilizer doses were not sufficient to completely satisfy the nutritional demands of the carrot crop.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Andualem, A. M., Kemal, Y. O., Mekonen, D. A., Yenet, F. A., & Kassa, H. W. (2025). Data on effect of NPSB fertilizer rates on growth and yield of carrot (Daucus carrota L.) varieties in Gondar district, Northwestern Ethiopia, Data in Brief, 58, 111232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2024.111232

Bonanomi, G., Lorito, M., Vinale, F., & Woo, S. L. (2018). Organic amendments, beneficial microbes, and soil microbiota: Toward a unified framework for disease suppression. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 56, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-080615-100046

Chae, H. G., Margenot, A. J., Jeon, J. R., Kim, M. S., Jang, K.-S., Yoon, H. Y., Kim, P. J., & Lee, J. G. (2024). Linking the humification of organic amendments with size aggregate distribution: Insights into molecular composition using FT-ICR-MS. Science of the Total Environment, 927, 172147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172147

Chen, J., Li, J., Yang, X., Wang, C., Zhao, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, H., Wang, Y., & Li, C. (2023). The Effects of Biochar-Based Organic Fertilizer and Mineral Fertilizer on Soil Quality, Beet Yield, and Sugar Yield. Agronomy, 13(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13092423

Chillo Yupanqui, C. P., Peñafiel Rodríguez, W., & Aruquipa Condori, R. (2024). Comportamiento productivo de dos variedades de zanahoria (Daucus carota L.) con diferentes niveles de abono orgánico en el Centro Experimental Cota Cota. Cibum Scientia, 3(1), pp. 90–98. https://doi.org/10.53287/ougz5529as70g

Dao, A., Alvar Beltan, J., Gnanda, A., Guira, A., Nebie, L., & SanouJacob. (2020). Effect of different planting techniques and sowing density rates on the development of quinoa. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 16(9), pp. 1325–1333. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajar2020.14904

De Carolis, C., Iori, V., Narciso, A., Gentile, D., Casentini, B., Pietrini, F., Grenni, P., Barra Caracciolo, A., & Iannelli, M. A. (2024). The Effects of Different Combinations of Cattle Organic Soil Amendments and Copper on Lettuce (cv. Rufus) Plant Growth. Environments - MDPI, 11(7), 134. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments11070134

Derpsch, R., Lange, D., Birbaumer, G., & Moriya, K. (2016). Why do medium- and large-scale farmers succeed practicing CA and small-scale farmers often do not? – experiences from Paraguay. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 14(3), pp. 269–281. https://doi.org/10.1080/14735903.2015.1095974

Duan, C., Li, J., Zhang, B., Wu, S., Fan, J., Feng, H., He, J., & Siddique, K. H. M. (2023). Effect of bio-organic fertilizer derived from agricultural waste resources on soil properties and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield in semi-humid drought-prone regions. Agricultural Water Management, 289, 108539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108539

El-Mogy, M. M., Abdelaziz, S. M., Mahmoud, A. W. M., Elsayed, T. R., Abdel-Kader, N. H., & Mohamed, M. I. A. (2020). Comparative Effects of Different Organic and Inorganic Fertilisers on Soil Fertility, Plant Growth, Soil Microbial Community, and Storage Ability of Lettuce. Agriculture (Pol’nohospodarstvo), 66(3), pp. 87–107. https://doi.org/10.2478/agri-2020-0009

Fernandes, P., Pinto, R., Correia, C., Mourão, I., Moura, L., & Brito, L. M. (2024). Impact of Kiwifruit Waste Compost on Soil Bacteriome and Lettuce Growth. Agriculture (Switzerland), 14(8), 1409. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081409

Gálvez Torres, E., Legua Cárdenas, J., Cruz Nieto, D., Caro Soto, F. , & Inga Sotelo, M. I. (2019). Evaluación de Abono Orgánico de Vinaza y Bagazo de la Caña de Azúcar para la producción ecológica de rabanito (Raphanus sativus L.). Aporte Santiaguino, 12(2), pp. 214–227. Disponible en: http://revistas.unasam.edu.pe/index.php/AS_V10N2/article/view/172

García-Ramos, C. M., Quirós-Roque, V. A., & Rosales-Mendoza, L. E. (2022). Los residuos generados en la producción de la industria azucarera en los últimos 25 años. Revista Iberoamericana de Bioeconomía y Cambio Climático, 8(16), 1979–1991. https://doi.org/10.5377/ribcc.v8i16.15041

Guan, C., Zhang, D., & Chu, C. (2025). Interplay of light and nitrogen for plant growth and development. The Crop Journal, 13 (3), pp. 641-655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2025.01.005

Hailu, F., Hassen, S., Hussen, S., Belete, E., & Alemu, T. (2024). Evaluation of different fertilizer sources for sustainable carrot production in Tehuledere district, northern Ethiopia. Heliyon, 10(8), e29693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29693

Juárez-Rodríguez, L., Hidalgo-Moreno, C. I., Hernández-López, F., Padilla Cuevas, J. & Etchevers, J. D. (2024). Manejo sustentable del suelo para producción de verduras orgánicas en el Estado de México. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas, 15 (6), p. 1–11. https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v15i6.3395

Krzyżak, J., Rusinowski, S., Szada-Borzyszkowska, A., Pogrzeba, M., Stec, R., Janota, P., Lipowska, B., Stec, K., Długosz, J., & Sitko, K. (2024). A novel agrosinters support growth, photosynthetic efficiency and reduce trace metal elements accumulation in oilseed rape growing on metalliferous soil. Environmental Pollution, 363, 125095. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125095

LI, H., Feng, W-ting, HE, X. hua, ZHU, P., GAO, H. jun, SUN, N., & XU, M. gang. (2017). Chemical fertilizers could be completely replaced by manure to maintain high maize yield and soil organic carbon (SOC) when SOC reaches a threshold in the Northeast China Plain. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 16(4), pp. 937–946. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61559-9

López Gorostiaga, O., González Erico, E., Llamas G., P. A., Molinas M., A. S., Franco S., E. S., García, S., y Rios, E. (1995). Estudio de reconocimiento de suelos. Capacidad de uso de la tierra y propuesta de ordenamiento territorial preliminar de la región oriental del Paraguay. Asunción: Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería, 246 p.

Maomao, H., Songyan, T., Qinyuan, Z., Jingnan, C., Ying, X., Qiu, J., & Fenglin, Z. (2023). Long-term fermented organic fertilizer application reduce urea nitrogen-15 loss from plastic shed agricultural soils. Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 68(2), pp. 108–117. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2023.11.002

Martínez-Saldarriaga, J., Henao-Rojas, J. C., Flórez-Martínez, D. H., Cadena-Chamorro, E. M., & Yepes-Betancur, D. P. (2025). Methodological framework for supporting phytochemical bioprospecting re-search: A case study on carrot (Daucus carota L.) crop by-products. Heliyon, 11(3), e41822 Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e41822

Matheus L., J. E. (2004). Evaluación agronómica del uso de compost de residuos de la industria azucarera (biofertilizante) en el cultivo de maíz (Zea mays L.). Bioagro, 16(3), pp. 219-224.

Mishra, S., Levengood, H., Fan, J., & Zhang, C. (2024). Plants Under Stress: Exploring Physiological and Molecular Responses to Nitrogen and Phosphorus Deficiency. Plants, 13(22), 3144. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13223144

Mitsigiorgi, K., Ntroumpogianni, G. C., Katsifas, E. A., Hatzinikolaou, D. G., Chassapis, K., Skampa, E., Stefi, A. L., & Christodoulakis, N. S. (2024). Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Cultures and the Bioactivity of Their Root Microflora Are Affected by Amended Soil. Plants, 13(13), pp. 1872. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13131872

Núñez Sosa, S. D. B., Liriano González, G. R., y López Ceballos, C. C. (2005). Evaluación de biofertilizantes (Azospirillum y Micorrizas) y diferentes niveles de materia orgánica en bolsa y organóponico, en el cultivo de la zanahoria (Daucus carota L.). Revista Centro Agrícola, 32(2), pp. 5–10.

Oleszkiewicz, T., Sala-Cholewa, K., Godel-Jędrychowska, K., Kurczynska, E., Kostecka-Gugała, A., Petryszak, P., & Baranski, R. (2025). Nitrogen availability modulates carotene biosynthesis, chromoplast biogenesis, and cell wall composition in carrot callus. Plant Cell Reports, 44(2), 31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-024-03420-7

Oyege, I., & Balaji Bhaskar, M. S. (2023). Effects of Vermicompost on Soil and Plant Health and Promoting Sustainable Agriculture. Soil Systems, 7(4), 101 https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems7040101

Pinter, I. F., Fernández, A. S., Martínez, L. E., Riera, N., Fernández, M., Aguado, G. D., & Uliarte, E. M. (2019). Exhausted grape marc and organic residues composting with polyethylene cover: Process and quality evaluation as plant substrate. Journal of Environmental Management, 246, pp. 695–705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.027

Parađiković, N., Teklić, T., Zeljković, S., Lisjak, M., & Špoljarević, M. (2019). Biostimulants research in some horticultural plant species—A review. Food and Energy Security, 8(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.162

Que, F., Hou, X. L., Wang, G. L., Xu, Z. S., Tan, G. F., Li, T., Wang, Y. H., Khadr, A., & Xiong, A. S. (2019). Advances in research on the carrot, an important root vegetable in the Apiaceae family. Horticulture Research, 6(1), 69. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-019-0150-6

Salman, M., Inamullah, Jamal, A., Mihoub, A., Saeed, M. F., Radicetti, E., Ahmad, I., Naeem, A., Ullah, J., & Pampana, S. (2023). Composting Sugarcane Filter Mud with Different Sources Differently Benefits Sweet Maize. Agronomy, 13(3), 748. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030748

Srivastava, A. N., & Chakma, S. (2023). Assessment of in situ stabilization and heavy metal toxicity reduction of sugar mill pressmud through pilot scale composting. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 195(8), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11564-4

Sustr, M., Soukup, A., & Tylova, E. (2019). Potassium in Root Growth and Development. Plants (Basel, Switzerland), 8(10), 435. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8100435

Tavali, I. E. (2020). Short-term effect of compost amendment on the fertility of calcareous soil and basil growth. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 52(2), pp. 172–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2020.1854292

Urra, J., Alkorta, I., Mijangos, I., & Garbisu, C. (2020). Commercial and farm fermented liquid organic amendments to improve soil quality and lettuce yield. Journal of Environmental Management, 264, 110422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110422

Velasco-Velasco, J., Gomez-Merino, F.C., Hernández-Cázares, J., Salinas-Ruiz, J., R., y Guerrero-Peña, A. (2017). Residuos orgánicos de la agroindustria azucarera: Retos y Oportunidades. AGROProductividad, 10(11), pp. 99–104. Disponible en: https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA530914355&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=&p=IFME&sw=w

Villalba Algarin, C. A. (2025). Avanzando hacia una agricultura climáticamente inteligente : el papel del carbono orgánico en las funciones del suelo , los servicios ecosistémicos y la sostenibilidad de agroecosistemas. Investigacion Agraria, 27(1), e2701825. https://doi.org/10.18004/investig.agrar.2025.2701825

Villalba Algarin, C. A., González, A. C., Szostak, J. E. y Sanabria Franco, M. F. (2024a). Explorando el estado del arte de la labranza y su impacto en la calidad del suelo y la productividad agrícola : una revisión crítica de los últimos 20 años. Investigación Agraria, 26(2), pp. 111–124. https://doi.org/10.18004/investig.agrar.2024.diciembre.2602806

Villalba Algarin, C. A., Ramírez Paniagua, I. R., Sanabria Franco, M. F., y da Silva, C. D. (2024b). Comportamiento agronómico bajo diferentes densidades de siembra del sésamo negro (Sesamum indicum L.) en la Región Sur del Paraguay. Investigación Agraria, 26(1), pp. 22–28. https://doi.org/10.18004/investig.agrar.2024.junio.2601768

Wang, Y., Zhu, Y., Zhang, S., & Wang, Y. (2018). What could promote farmers to replace chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers? Journal of Cleaner Production, 199, pp. 882–890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.07.222

Windisch, S., Sommermann, L., Babin, D., Chowdhury, S. P., Grosch, R., Moradtalab, N.,… & Neumann, G. (2020). Impact of Long-Term Organic and Mineral Fertilization on Rhizosphere Metabolites, Root–Microbial Interactions and Plant Health of Lettuce. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.597745

Wu, S., Li, K., Diao, T., Sun, Y., Sun, T., & Wang, C. (2025). Influence of continuous fertilization on heavy metals accumulation and microorganism communities in greenhouse soils under 22 years of long-term manure organic fertilizer experiment. Science of the Total Environment, 959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.178294

Yagüe, M. R., y Lobo, M. C. (2024). Valorization of organic residues for lettuce production minimizes nitrogen loss in soil in comparison to mineral fertilization. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 47(10), pp. 1680–1696. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2024.2319161

Zerga Heterat, K., & Tsegaye, B. (2019). Effect of Different Rates of Compost Application on Growth Performance and Yield Components of Carrot (Daucus carrota L.) in Gurage Zone, Ethiopia. International Journal of African and Asian Studies, 54, pp. 24–31. https://doi.org/10.7176/jaas/54-03

Zhou, S., Song, Z., Li, Z., Qiao, R., Li, M., Chen, Y., & Guo, H. (2022). Mechanisms of nitrogen transformation driven by functional microbes during thermophilic fermentation in an ex situ fermentation system. Bioresource Technology, 350, 126917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126917