Explorando o estado da arte do preparo do solo e seu impacto na qualidade do solo e na produtividade agrícola: uma revisão crítica dos últimos 20 anos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18004/investig.agrar.2024.diciembre.2602806%20%20Palavras-chave:
agricultura de conservação, agricultura sustentável, pesquisa sistemática, saúde do solo, segurança alimentarResumo
A lavoura tem sido um pilar fundamental na instalação e evolução da agricultura ao longo do tempo. No entanto, seu impacto na qualidade do solo e na produtividade agrícola tem recebido atenção significativa devido aos desafios ambientais e à necessidade de agricultura sustentável. Este estudo avaliou o estado da arte sobre as práticas de preparo do solo e sua influência na qualidade do solo e na produtividade agrícola nos últimos 20 anos, por meio da análise de 92 artigos da base de dados Web of Science. Os resultados revelam um crescente interesse pelo tema na última década, com contribuições destacadas dos Estados Unidos, China, Brasil, Canadá e Índia, com foco nos sistemas conservacionistas e sua relação com a qualidade do solo, matéria orgânica e produtividade agrícola. Os indicadores mais frequentemente avaliados incluem parâmetros físicos (densidade aparente, resistência à penetração, agregados, porosidade), químicos (nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio, pH) e biológicos (carbono orgânico, biomassa microbiana, atividades enzimáticas). A revisão sugere que os sistemas conservacionistas de preparo do solo tendem a melhorar a qualidade do solo e a produtividade das culturas. No entanto, alguns estudos apresentam resultados contraditórios em termos de qualidade física e produtividade do solo, atribuíveis a fatores intrínsecos. Para entender melhor os impactos das práticas de preparo do solo, é crucial realizar pesquisas em nível nacional que considerem as exigências edafoclimáticas de diferentes culturas, a fim de identificar as condições sob as quais os sistemas de conservação são mais eficientes para uma agricultura mais sustentável e resiliente.Downloads
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Copyright (c) 2025 Carlos Alcides Villalba Algarin, Alodia Concepción González, Javier Emilio Szostak, Marcos Fabian Sanabria Franco
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